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<h1 class="article-header__title js-article-title js-page-title">D.ieu n’est pas une chose</h1>
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<h2 class="article-header__subtitle">Comment D.ieu a été perdu dans la traduction</h2>
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<span class="article-header__byline" data-kid="193" data-author-bio="Freeman, Tzvi"><a title="Browse more articles by Freeman, Tzvi" href="/search/keyword_cdo/kid/193/jewish/Freeman-Tzvi.htm">par Tzvi Freeman</a></span>
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<p><i>Question</i></p>
<p>Quelque part en cours de route, j’ai égaré D.ieu. L’autre jour je me suis rendu compte que je n’avais pas vu D.ieu depuis longtemps, probablement depuis mon enfance. Et ce n’est pas seulement que je ne peux pas trouver D.ieu, Il me semble avoir également perdu mon sens de <i>ce qu’est</i> D.ieu... Comment est-ce arrivé ? Si je L’avais quand j’étais enfant, pourquoi ne L’aurais-je plus aujourd’hui ?</p>
<p><i>Réponse</i></p>
<p>Vous avez un indice, mais il vous manque l’autre. Cela a à voir avec votre langage. Appelez ça « la fixation sur les choses ».</p>
<p>C’est là probablement la calamité principale de votre enfance – non pas d’avoir été sevré, non pas d’avoir quitté les langes pour des culottes, non pas de s’être retrouvé sur un banc d’école à un âge si tendre –, mais quand on vous a parlé des <i>choses</i>.</p>
<p> Je ne veux pas dire qu’on vous a « enseigné au sujet des choses du monde », mais qu’on vous a inculqué la notion de choses. Vous avez appris que le monde est fait de choses, d’objets, de trucs matériels qui sont juste « là ». Plus tard dans la vie, vous avez commencé à courir après ces choses, à les accumuler, amassant de plus en plus de tas de choses pour en remplir votre maison, votre jardin et votre garage. À présent le monde entier a été réduit dans notre tête à un immense dépotoir de choseries. Dès lors, même D.ieu se fait définir en tant que chose – et vous cherchez à savoir à quelle place on peut Le trouver, parce qu’en fin de compte, toutes les <i>choses</i> doivent bien avoir une place.</p>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">Le monde entier a été réduit dans notre tête à un immense dépotoir de choses. Dès lors, même D.ieu se fait définir en tant que chose...</span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span>
<p>Lorsque, petit enfant, vous vous êtes éveillé à la vie, ce n’était pas comme ça. Il n’y avait pas de choses. Il n’y avait que l’expérience d’exister. De ressentir, de vivre, de respirer et de faire. Crier, être allaité, faire son rot. Tout ceci était réel. Tout ceci était la vie. Mais les choses ne sont pas réelles. Les choses ne sont que fiction. Elles n’existent pas. C’est nous qui les avons inventées.</p>
</section><section><h2>La naissance de la choséité</h2>
<p>Comment les choses sont-elles apparues ? Voici ma version des faits.    </p>
<p>Au commencement, il n’y avait pas de choses. Toute l’humanité connaissait la vie comme la connaît un petit enfant, même lorsque les hommes eurent grandi en âge et en sagesse. Mais un jour quelqu’un eut l’idée de faire des dessins de toutes les choses qu’il possédait. Par la suite, ces images devinrent des glyphes, un dispositif astucieux pour la communication ésotérique. Les amateurs de glyphes – tels que les prêtres idolâtres de l’Égypte ancienne – créèrent des milliers de glyphes pour représenter toutes les choses que Pharaon accumulait. Bientôt l’idée s’infiltra aussi dans la langue parlée : l’idée de la « chose », un instantané d’un certain quoiquecesoit dans un instant figé. Les choses étaient nées. Et le monde ne fut plus jamais le même.</p>
<p> La preuve ? Parce que dans l’ancien hébreu biblique il n’y a pas de mots pour désigner un truc. Ou une chose. Ou un objet ou quelque chose de semblable. En hébreu authentique vous ne dites pas : « Hé, où est cette chose que j’ai posée ici ? » Vous dites : « Où est le <i>désiré</i> (‘héfets) que j’ai posé ici ? » Vous ne dites pas : « Quelle est cette chose ? » Vous dites : « Quel est ce <i>mot</i> ? » C’est ce que vous trouverez de plus approchant de la notion de choses : un mot. Toute la réalité est composée de mots. Regardez le récit de la création : l’ensemble du ciel et de la terre n’est constitué que de mots.</p>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">En hébreu, les verbes dominent</span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span>
<p>De fait, en hébreu ancien, il n’existe pas non plus de noms, à vrai dire. Dans les langues telles que le français, les noms sont les maîtres et les verbes sont leurs servants, avec des adjectifs et des formes associées qui dansent tout autour pour les servir. En hébreu, ce sont les verbes qui dominent. <i>Grand, petit, sage, insensé, roi, prêtre, œil, oreille</i> – tout cela sonne comme des choses, mais en hébreu ce sont des formes de verbes. Selon Rabbi Yeshayahou Horowitz (1560?-1630), auteur du <i>Chnei Lou’hot HaBrit</i>, tout, en hébreu, est en fait un verbe. Tout est un événement, un processus, perpétuellement dynamique. Tout comme lorsque vous étiez un petit enfant.</p>
<p>En hébreu, il n’y a pas même de conjugaison au présent. Il y a des participes, mais l’idée d’un temps présent est née bien plus tard. En hébreu véritable, rien n’« est » jamais – tout est toujours en mouvement.</p>
<p>Cela fonctionne, parce que l’hébreu n’a pas été écrit en glyphes. L’hébreu est la première langue que nous savons avoir été écrite en symboles représentant des sons, et non des choses. Avec l’alphabet hébraïque – la source de tous les alphabets –, vous ne voyez pas des <i>choses</i>, vous voyez des sons. Même le processus de lecture est différent : quand vous lisez des glyphes, l’ordre n’a pas tellement d’importance. Vous n’avez qu’à regarder et tout est là. Même les glyphes chinois modernes peuvent être écrits dans n’importe quelle direction. Mais pour l’alphabet, tout tient dans la séquence. Rien n’a de sens par soi-même. Tout est dans le flux.</p>
</section><section><h2>Comprendre le flux</h2>
<p> Le flux est réel. Les choses ne sont pas réelles. Demandez à un physicien : plus nous examinons les choses – ce qu’ils appellent la <i>matière</i> –, plus nous nous rendons compte qu’elles n’existent pas. Tout ce qui est vraiment là, ce sont des événements : des ondes, des vibrations, des champs énergétiques. La vie est un concert, pas un musée.</p>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">Les choses ne sont pas réelles. Les choses ne sont que fiction. Elles n’existent pas. C’est nous qui les avons inventées.</span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span>
<p>Pensez à l’écriture de la musique, par opposition à la réalisation d’un portrait. L’artiste-peintre recule d’un pas et contemple son œuvre, son interprétation statique d’un instant figé dans le temps, et il la perçoit tout à la fois. Puis il demande poliment à son modèle de bien vouloir reprendre la pose de ce qui est désormais devenu la réalité principale, le portrait. Un portrait de ce qui est sans avoir jamais été.</p>
<p>Un compositeur de musique ne peut pas faire cela. Vous ne pouvez pas figer un instant de musique. Il disparaît à l’instant même où vous essayez. Comme la substance fictive qu’ils appellent la matière : congelée à zéro, sans énergie, sans mouvement, elle n’existe plus. Parce que, en vérité, tout ce qui existe, c’est le flux de l’existence.</p>
</section><section><h2>Le Nom</h2>
<p> Le flux de l’existence : maintenant vous avez trouvé D.ieu. En fait, en hébreu, tel est Son nom. Le nom de D.ieu est une série de quatre lettres qui expriment toutes les formes du verbe de tous les verbes, le verbe <i>être</i> : est, était, sera, sur le point d’être, amenant à être, devrait être – toutes ces formes sont comprises dans les quatre lettres du nom de D.ieu. Comme D.ieu dit à Moïse quand il Lui demanda son nom : « Je serai ce que Je serai. »</p>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">Le flux de l’existence : maintenant vous avez trouvé D.ieu</span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span>
<p>Dans nos langues modernes, ceci ne fonctionne pas. Nous retombons facilement dans le piège de la choséité. Qui est D.ieu? Nous répondons : « Il est Un qui était, est et sera. »</p>
<p>Nous voilà de nouveau dans cette affaire de « chose qui est ». Non, D.ieu n’est pas une <i>chose</i> qui est, était ou sera. D.ieu est l’<i>êtrance</i> elle-même. Oy ! La frustration du langage. Nous avons besoin de nouveaux mots : êtrance, êtreté, êtrité, êtrifiant, êtrifier. En hébreu on peut conjuguer le verbe être de toutes ces manières et d’autres encore. Peut-être un jour pourrons-nous faire de même en français. D’ici là, nous sommes comme des artistes qui essaient d’imiter Rembrandt en utilisant des pastels, ou comme des musiciens qui tentent de jouer des mélodies orientales en Do majeur.</p>
<p>Et la preuve : nous posons des questions qui n’ont de sens qu’en français, mais qui sont tout simplement absurdes en hébreu, par exemple : « Est-ce que D.ieu existe ? » En hébreu, c’est une tautologie, à peu près équivalente à « Est-ce que l’existence existe ? »</p>
<p>Nul besoin de « croire » en ce D.ieu – si vous savez de quoi nous parlons, alors vous savez. Vous saurez, aussi, qu’il n’y a rien d’autre que ce D.ieu – que peut-il y avoir en dehors de l’êtrance ?</p>
<p> Quant à la foi et la croyance, elles sont réservées à de plus grandes choses. Comme croire que cette grande Êtrance qui êtrifie tout ce qui est, se soucie, sait, a de la compassion et peut être contactée. En d’autres termes, de dire que la réalité est une expérience de bienveillance. Ce qui revient à dire que la compassion est réelle, le sens est réel, la vie est réelle. Ce sont des choses en lesquelles on doit croire. Mais l’existence de D.ieu – comme la plupart des idées dont les hommes débattent – n’est qu’une question de sémantique.</p>
<span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider><span class="pullquote">Pensez simple : vous vous réveillez le matin et, avant même le café, ça <i>est</i></span><sl-divider size="large"></sl-divider></span>
<p>Pensez simple : vous vous réveillez le matin et, avant même le café, ça <i>est</i>. La réalité. L’existence. Pas « les choses qui existent », mais l’existence elle-même. Le flux. Le flux infini de lumière et d’énergie. D’être, d’existence. De <i>est</i>. Pensez à tout ce flux d’êtreté concentrée en un simple point unique et parfait. Entrez-y, communiez avec lui, parlez lui, devenez un avec lui – voilà D.ieu.</p></section></div>
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